Abstract
The growing concern over antibiotic-resistant pathogens, coupled with the limitations of existing pharmaceuticals, has spurred the exploration of alternative therapeutic strategies. Acacia farnesiana possesses antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, along with antioxidant properties, making it valuable in the treatment of infections, pain, and oxidative stress-related conditions. Acacia farnesiana was selected for this study due to its traditional use in treating a variety of ailments. Dried seeds of the plant were successively extracted using methanol, ethanol, ether, and distilled water. The methanol extract yielded the highest percentage (18.5%)
Wistar rats were employed to investigate the methanolic seed extract of A. farnesiana's acute as well as subacute toxicity profiles. For examining the acute toxicity, a single dose of 2000mg/kg body weight had been utilized, the OECD recommendations were utilized for sub-acute toxicity evaluation. 48 rats had been split into 4 groups of six at random for the sub-acute investigation (6 males and 6 female rats per group). Although groups LD-G2, MD-G3, and HD-G4 received oral daily doses of 100mg, 250mg, as well as 500mg extract/kg body weight, correspondingly, for 28days, the control group (NC-G1) got 10 ml of normal saline/kg body weight. Clinical symptoms, feed and water intake, hematological, body weight alteration, plasma biochemical markers, ROW (relative organ weight), and histopathological observations had all been examined in relation to the extract. Rats administered with 100, 250, and 500mg/kg did not exhibit dose-dependent, extremely significant (P less than 0.01) changes in the body weight throughout the trial. Feed along with water intake was increased through the treatment and comparatively with the control animals. ROW for all organs was not significantly altered. Hepatic and other hematological parameter levels were not substantially altered as a consequence of the treatment, although they were still within typical reference range for the rats. Based on summary of histopathological observations and discussions, the drug may not produce any major reactive as well as toxic alteration in every systemic organ up to high dose utilized in experiment.
This research found that although the plant's seed extract might be regarded as reasonably safe when taken sub acutely, more research is required to determine its effects when taken over an extended period of time.
Keywords: Acacia farnesiana, toxicity, hematology, dose, ROW.

Key words: This research found that although the plant's seed extract might be regarded as reasonably safe when taken subacutely, more research is required to determine its effects when taken over an extended period of time. Keywords:Acacia farnesiana, toxicity, hematology, dose, ROW.